Islamic Economics
Centre (DaruliftaAhlesunnat)
(Dawateislami -Darulifta
Ahle Sunnat)
Question
What do the Islamic scholars say
regarding the following: I and a friend of mine contributed an equal amount and
bought a plot in a housing society. My friend wants to sell it but I do not
want to sell it now. As I do not have enough money to buy his share, he wants
me to sell my share. What is the Shariah ruling in this situation? Is it
incumbent upon me to sell my share as per his suggestion?
بِسْمِ اللہِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ
اَلْجَوَابُ بِعَوْنِ الْمَلِکِ الْوَھَّابِ اَللّٰھُمَّ ھِدَایَۃَ الْحَقِّ وَالصَّوَابِ
I In the scenario described, both parties co-own the plot
through a partnership contract known as Shirkat-ul-Milk
(Co-ownership of asset). Under Shirkatul Milk, each
partner holds the right of disposal solely within his own share, and he is like
a stranger to other's share. So, if a partner wants to sell his share, he has
the right to sell it to anyone including his partner but he does not have the
right of disposal in the share of his partner. Moreover, one partner cannot
compel the other to sell his share.
Allamah Shamsudin Muhammad Bin Abdullah At- Tumurtashi رحمۃ اللہ تعالیٰ
علیہ defines the Shrikatul Milk in following words in his book Tanveerul Absar:
”شرکۃ ملک وھی
ان یملک متعدد عینا اودینا بارث اوبیع اوغیر ھما “
Translation: Shirkatul Milk means multiple individuals co-own an asset
or a Dayn (loan/ liability) through inheritance or sale or any other means.(Tanveerul
Absar Ma Durrul Mukhtar, Vol 04, Page 299, Beirut)
In Shirkatul
Milk a partner has liberty to sell his share as it has been mentioned in the
book “Durrul Mukhtar” by Allamah Alauddin Muhammad
bin Ali bin Muhammad Al- Hiskafi Al-Hanafi رحمۃ اللہ تعالیٰ
علیہ:
”(وكل) من شركاء الملك (أجنبي) في الامتناع عن تصرف مضر
(في مال صاحبه) لعدم تضمنها الوكالة (فصح له بيع حصته ولو من غير شريكه بلا إذن،
إلا في صورة الخلط) “
Translation: Each
partner in Shirkatul Milk is a stranger in terms of
right of disposal in the share of the other partner because the contract does
not include agency (وكالة). Therfore,
one partner is allowed to sell his own share without obtaining permission from
the other even though the buyer is other than his partner as long their assets
are not mixed (as in the case of mixing, the ruling will be different).(Durrul
Mukhtar ma Raddul Muhtar, Vol 04, Page 300, Beirut)
Sadrush Sharia Badrut Tariqah Hazrat Amjad Ali Azami رحمۃ اللہ تعالیٰ
علیہ writes in
Bahar e Shariat:
’’شرکتِ
ملک ميں ہر ایک اپنے حصہ ميں تصرف کرسکتا ہے اور دوسرے کے حصہ ميں بمنزلہ
اجنبی ہے، لہٰذا اپنا حصہ بیع کرسکتا ہے ، اس ميں شریک سے
اجازت لینے کی ضرورت نہیں ۔ اسے اختيار ہے شریک کے
ہاتھ بیع کرے یا دوسرے کے ہاتھ مگر شرکت اگر اس طرح ہوئی کہ اصل
ميں شرکت نہ تھی مگر دونوں نے اپنی چیزیں ملادیں یا
دونوں کی چیزیں مل گئیں اور غیر شریک کے ہاتھ
بیچناچاہتا ہے تو شریک سے اجازت لینی پڑے گی یا
اصل ميں شرکت ہے مگر بیع کرنے ميں شریک کو ضررہوتا ہے تو بغیر
اجازتِ شریک غیر شریک کے ہاتھ بیع نہیں کرسکتا
۔“
Translation: Each partner has the right of disposal
in his own share in Shirkatul Milk but he is like a
stranger in the share of the other partner. Hence, he has the right to sell his
share without obtaining permission from his partner. Also, he has the liberty
to sell his share to his partner or to anyone else. However, if they were not partners in an asset initially but at a later stage, they
mixed their assets or they got mixed and now a partner wants to sell his asset
to someone other than his partner than he has to obtain permission from his
partner. And if they are partners in an asset and if one sells his share from
it, it will cause loss to the other partner than he is not allowed to sell his
share to a non-partner without obtaining the permission from his partner.(Bahar e Shariat, Vol 02, Page 490, Maktabah Tul Madinah)
Answered By: Abu Muhammad Mufti Ali Asghar
Attari Madani
Ref No: IEC-0002
Date: 8th Ziqadah til Haram 1444 Hijri/ May 29, 2023
Translated
by Maulana Abdul wajid madani
وَاللہُ
اَعْلَمُ عَزَّوَجَلَّ وَرَسُوْلُہ اَعْلَم صَلَّی اللّٰہُ تَعَالٰی
عَلَیْہِ وَاٰلِہٖ وَسَلَّم